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U.S. MANUFACTURING production excluding volatile output of vehicles and parts was down -1.6% in April 2023 compared with April 2022. Production for the three months from February to April was down -1.5% compared with the same period a year earlier:

U.S. BUSINESS INVENTORIES remain elevated despite efforts to reduce them which implies the softness in industrial and freight activity is likely to be prolonged for several more months. Manufacturers, distributors and retailers held inventories equivalent to 1.39 months of sales in March 2023, unchanged from December 2022, and up from just 1.30 months in March 2022. Excess inventories are particularly high at distributors and retailers which will remain a drag on new orders:



